# mo-dwi-authority.md — Shared Missouri DWI Authority File · v1.0

**Scope:** Canonical authority for the TopDWI Missouri DWI skill suite. Every skill
references this file. Statutes, regulations, and binding case law live here once.

**Sources & verification**
- **Statutes & regulations:** pulled from the Missouri Revisor and the Secretary of
  State 19 CSR rules PDF via Firecrawl (research **2026-07-30**); effective dates noted.
- **Cases:** reporter citations independently confirmed via **CourtListener** (2026-07-31).
- **Breath-test constants** cross-checked against the verified `dui-review-backend`
  (`rules.py`, `case_law_rules.py`, verified 2026-04-29 / 2026-06-09).

**Status legend:** ✅ VERIFIED (primary source + date) · ✅ CL (CourtListener-confirmed
citation) · ⚠️ VERIFIED-WITH-CORRECTION · ⛔ do not assert as phrased.

> **Future-law warnings.** The Revisor shows amended **§ 577.010** and **§ 302.440**
> effective **Aug 28, 2026**. Until then use the current versions dated below. Do not
> merge future text into a current-law answer.
>
> Attorney-supervised, recognition-only. Confirm currency (citator + Revisor) for the
> operative date before courtroom reliance.

---

## 1. Breath-test regulation — 19 CSR 25-30 (SOS PDF; .031/.041/.050/.051/.060 eff. 2020-03-30; .021 eff. 2023-06-30)

| Item | Value | Authority | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maintenance check interval (Type II) | **≤ 35 days**; report to dept. within 15 days | 19 CSR 25-30.031(3) | ✅ |
| Approved evidential devices (4) | Alco-Sensor IV w/printer · Intox EC/IR II · Intox DMT (Intoximeters) · Intoxilyzer 8000 (CMI/MPH) | 19 CSR 25-30.050(1) | ✅ |
| Reference-solution tolerance | **within 5%** of 0.10 / 0.08 / 0.04 (also gas mixtures, subsec. 5) | 19 CSR 25-30.051(2) | ✅ |
| Observation period | **15 minutes**, by a current Type II/III permit holder | 19 CSR 25-30.060(5) | ✅ |
| Operator permit | **Type III** (≥21; ≥10 tests/yr to renew) | 19 CSR 25-30.041 | ✅ |
| Drug-lab accreditation | CAP / ABFT / ILAC MRA (**ASCLD absent**) | 19 CSR 25-30.021(3)(B) | ✅ |

⛔ No "200-test" calibration interval exists in 19 CSR 25-30. **SFST/HGN are not adopted
by rule** (HGN 4-clue threshold is case law — §4).

## 2. Administrative license revocation (civil track)

| Item | Value | Authority | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Suspension/revocation determination | probable cause + BAC ≥ .08 (.02 if under 21) | § 302.505.1 (eff. 2001-09-29) | ✅ |
| **Hearing-request deadline** | **15 days** from receipt of notice; temp permit issues | § 302.530 (eff. 2012-08-28) | ✅ (was mis-seeded as § 302.525) |
| Trial de novo; burden on the State | petition to circuit court; civil rules | § 302.535.1 (eff. 2002-08-28) | ✅ |

## 3. Implied consent & the 20-minute attorney rule

- **§ 577.020.1(1)** (eff. 2017-01-01) — implied consent; attaches on arrest for an
  offense arising from acts the officer had **reasonable grounds** to believe were
  committed while driving intoxicated. ✅
- **§ 577.041.3** (eff. 2017-01-01) — on request for counsel, **20 minutes** to attempt
  to contact an attorney; continued refusal after = refusal. ✅
  - *Norris v. Dir. of Revenue*, **304 S.W.3d 724** (Mo. banc 2010) — request before the
    advisory still triggers the rule; 20 min run after the advisory; **Director bears the
    burden to prove lack of prejudice**. ✅ CL
  - *Snider v. Dir. of Revenue*, **314 S.W.3d 841** (Mo. App. S.D. 2010) — calling a
    non-attorney ≠ abandonment; Director must prove abandonment. ✅ (Firecrawl)
  - *Ross v. Dir. of Revenue*, **311 S.W.3d 732** (Mo. banc 2010, SC90317) — reasonable-
    grounds; **NO current 90-minute arrest limit** (former § 577.039 → § 544.218). ✅ CL
    *(supersedes the WD69900 disposition — do not cite WD69900 as final.)*

## 4. Field sobriety / HGN (case law only)

- *State v. Hill*, **865 S.W.2d 702** (Mo. App. W.D. 1993) — properly administered HGN by
  a trained officer is admissible; **4 of 6 clues = substantial evidence**. ✅ CL
  **Survives** *State v. Carson*, **941 S.W.2d 518** (Mo. banc 1997) — *Carson* overruled
  *Hill* only on the MAI-instruction point, **not** the HGN foundation. ✅ CL
- *Duffy v. Dir. of Revenue*, **966 S.W.2d 372** (Mo. App. W.D. 1998) — officer must know/
  apply the 4-clue threshold or the HGN lacks foundation (harmless there). ✅ CL
- *Holloway v. Dir. of Revenue*, **324 S.W.3d 768** (Mo. App. S.D. 2010) — training
  currency is one credibility factor. ✅ (Firecrawl)

## 5. Breath-test foundation (case law)

- *Coyle v. Dir. of Revenue*, **181 S.W.3d 62** (Mo. banc **2005**) — foundational
  **presumption of invalidity** for a 15-min observation violation. ✅ CL
- *Hurt v. Dir. of Revenue*, **291 S.W.3d 251** (Mo. App. S.D. 2009) — applies *Coyle*
  (chewing tobacco in mouth); no additional proof of contamination needed. ✅ CL
- *Raisher v. Dir. of Revenue*, **276 S.W.3d 362** (Mo. App. W.D. 2009) — destructive-
  contradictions for a material two-result spread (.078/.094) with no error code. ✅ (FC)

## 6. PBT / PAS — ⚠️ CORRECTED

- **§ 577.021.3** (eff. 2017-01-01) — a PBT is admissible **as probable cause and as
  exculpatory evidence, but NOT as evidence of BAC**; §§ **577.019 and 577.020** do not
  apply to a pre-arrest PBT. ✅
  ⛔ **Do NOT say § 577.021 exempts the PBT from § 577.026** — **§ 577.026 was repealed**
  (L. 2014 S.B. 491, eff. 2017-01-01). That proposition survives in pre-2017 cases only.
  - *State v. Morgenroth*, **227 S.W.3d 517** (Mo. App. S.D. 2007). ✅ (FC)
  - *State v. Robertson*, **328 S.W.3d 745** (Mo. App. W.D. 2010) — PBT calibration =
    weight/credibility, not admissibility. ✅ (FC)

## 7. Stop / Fourth Amendment

- *State v. Loyd*, **326 S.W.3d 908** (Mo. App. W.D. 2010) — enumerated insufficient stop
  bases; unlawful stop → suppression of all that follows incl. the chemical test. ✅ (FC)

## 8. Confrontation Clause — lab / blood evidence

Cite the **full chain**, never *Crawford* alone; cite *Smith* for any surrogate-analyst scenario:
- *Crawford v. Washington*, 541 U.S. 36 (2004); *Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts*, 557 U.S.
  305 (2009); *Bullcoming v. New Mexico*, 564 U.S. 647 (2011). ✅ (well-settled)
- *Smith v. Arizona*, **602 U.S. 779** (2024) — rejects "basis-not-for-truth" surrogate. ✅ CL

## 9. Hearing framework & burden

- *White v. Dir. of Revenue*, **321 S.W.3d 298** (Mo. banc 2010) — § 302.535 puts both
  production + persuasion on the Director; no presumption of validity; cross-exam alone
  can defeat it. ✅ CL
- *Hinnah v. Dir. of Revenue*, **77 S.W.3d 616** (Mo. banc 2002) — the § 577.041 refusal
  hearing is limited to 3 issues: arrest; reasonable grounds; refusal. ✅ CL

## 10. Criminal DWI — offense, classification & sentencing exposure ✅ (was ⛔)

**⚠️ § 577.023 is procedure only** (pleading/proof/findings for repeat-offender status;
jury not told the range). It does **not** contain the definitions or ranges. Correct map:

- **§ 577.010.1** (current version eff. 2017-08-28 → 2026-08-27) — DWI = operating a
  vehicle while intoxicated. **§ 577.012** — driving with excessive BAC (≥ .08; .04 CMV).
- **Definitions — § 577.001**: prior (1 IRTO within 5 yrs); persistent (2+); aggravated
  (3+); chronic (4+). ✅
- **Classification + ceilings** (§ 577.010.2 / § 558.011 / § 558.002):

| Status | DWI class | Prison exposure | Fine ceiling | Key DWI restriction (§ 577.010.6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First offense | Class B misd. | up to 6 mo | $1,000 | SIS ⇒ ≥2 yrs probation (treatment-court alt., § 577.010.3) |
| Prior offender | Class A misd. | up to 1 yr | $2,000 | **No SIS**; ≥10 days before parole/probation* |
| Persistent | Class E felony | up to 4 yrs | $10,000 | **No SIS**; ≥30 days* |
| Aggravated | Class D felony | up to 7 yrs | $10,000 | **No SIS**; ≥60 days |
| Chronic | Class C felony | 3–10 yrs | $10,000 | **No SIS**; ≥2 years |

\*subject to statutory community-service/treatment alternatives. § 577.012 mirrors these
classes and adds a **Class B felony** for a **habitual** offender. Other § 577.010.2
conditions can independently raise the class. **Verify the offender history and the
operative statute date before stating exposure.**

## 11. Consequences (client-explainer) — ⚠️ sourcing corrected

- **SATOP** — defined at **§ 302.010(24)** (not § 577.001); reinstatement requires
  completion, **§ 302.540.1**. ⛔ **No fixed hour count** — the assessment sets scope. ✅
- **Ignition interlock (IID)** — eligibility/duration are in **Chapter 302**, not
  §§ 577.600–.614 (those create related **offenses**). Court-ordered: **§ 302.440**;
  administrative: **§ 302.525**; 5/10-yr denial reinstatement: **§ 302.060**. Duration
  generally **≥ 6 months** from reinstatement, extended by violations in the last 3 mo. ✅
- **LDP vs RDP** (not interchangeable): **§ 302.309** = Limited Driving Privilege;
  **§ 302.010(20) / § 302.525** = Restricted Driving Privilege (60-day, or 90-day
  interlock RDP). ✅
- **SIS vs SES** — **§ 557.011.2(3)–(4)**: SIS = no sentence imposed; SES = sentence
  pronounced, execution suspended. Probation terms **§ 559.016** (misd. 6 mo–2 yr; felony
  1–5 yr). DWI-specific bars per § 577.010.6. ✅

---

## Verification protocol
1. Statutory text from the Missouri Revisor; regs from the SOS 19 CSR PDF — with the
   effective-date/`bid` version that is operative on the answer date.
2. Every case confirmed (existence + reporter cite) before it enters a skill.
3. Pin-cite to the subsection. Date-stamp everything; watch the Aug 28, 2026 amendments.
4. Anything unverified is marked ⛔ and does not ship as an assertion.

## Provenance
Statutes/regs: Missouri Revisor + SOS 19 CSR PDF via Firecrawl (2026-07-30). Cases:
CourtListener-confirmed (2026-07-31). Breath-test constants cross-checked vs.
`sps18209/dui-review-backend` (verified 2026-04-29 / 2026-06-09).

*Not legal advice. Attorney-supervised, recognition-only. This free skill suite drafts,
organizes, explains, and sets deadlines; the automated AIR/breath-packet defect analysis
lives in the paid dui-review engine.*